The Misundersood Universe: A New Theory of the Universe
Correcting and explaining the cosmic mistakes, mysteries, and beliefs, including Dark Matter, Dark Energy, pioneer anomaly, age of the universe, Hubble red shift due to gravity, quasar velocity, tired light, the expanding universe, infl ation, the cosmic microwave background, black holes, and the Big Bang.
The Misunderstood Universe book is available here.
An early version of this theory was published on this site on March, 26, 2003.
An follow-in version of this theory was published on this site on June 15, 2004.
About the Author, Dr. Sol Aisenberg
ISBN: 978-1-4401-9179-4 (sc)
ISBN: 978-1-4401-9181-7 (hc)
ISBN: 978-1-4401-9180-0 (ebook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009911967
Chapter 1: Summary Of The Most Important Conclusions
Gravity, even if the source or cause is not understood, is important and vital in most events and processes in the universe.
Without gravity, matter in the universe would not collect into masses such as stars and galaxies. Gravitational forces cause the collapse of material in stars thus igniting the stars through gravitational energy produced by the gravitational collapse. This also causes the start of nuclear processes resulting from fusion associated with high temperature, and high density and gravitational confinement.
The nuclear processes in stars produce star explosions and the release of the higher atomic mass materials that make up part of the universe. Gravity also influences the energy of photons emitted from stars, galaxies, quasars, and also drains energy from photons traveling large distances, resulting in tired light.
There is no need for the invisible Dark Matter proposed to provide the necessary gravitational forces to explain the puzzling observations at cosmic distances and the related Dark Matter. Actually, the observations for spiral galaxies indicate a questionable linear invisible addition to the mass, or else a linear invisible addition to the already invisible gravitational constant. Because gravity itself is invisible, we show that when an invisible linear additional gravity term is added to the invisible Newton’s gravity, the result is in agreement with the associated observations, thus eliminating the need for invisible Dark Matter.
Second, there is no need for Dark Energy. The apparent need is because of a belief that the red shifts and photon energy loss described by the Hubble observations for nearby cases show the red shift as a linear function of distance plus the assumption that it can be extended linearly to measure very large distances. However, for very, very large distances, the assumption that the linear form is also valid for extreme distances would eventually require the photon energy to go to zero and then even negative – not very likely.
Third, the red shifts are not mostly due to the Doppler effect, and do not prove receding galaxies, or an expanding universe.
Fourth, the red shifts have large contributions due to gravity draining photon energy while traveling, in addition to any smaller Doppler effects.
Fifth, there is an alternate explanation for the cosmic microwave background, CMB, radiation other than as the remains of the big bang, and also one for the low 2.7 K degree temperature of the radiation.
Sixth, there was no proof of the big bang because there are no valid direct observations or demonstrations of the receding galaxies or of the expanding universe.
Seventh, tired light as an explanation of the Hubble linear dependence of the red shift on distance can be understood and predicted as a result of the process involving the drain of photon energy by gravitational interaction with interstellar gas and dust without collisions - similar to gravitational tidal interaction and transfer of energy from our moon to earth.
There are many more explanations of other and less significant conflicts in the standard model of the universe, and they will be covered in other chapters.
As an example of the wrong reasoning in the understanding of the universe, consider the illogical proof of the supposed expanding universe. Others have presented an explanation that of the red shift is due to the expansion of the universe and space-time, while the red shift (and supposed Doppler effect) is used as proof of the expanding universe. This is a prime example of wrong and illogical circular reasoning.
[ End of Chapter 1 ]
Chapter 2: Two initial and fundamental errors in the misunderstood universe
Chapter 3: Dark Matter Explained
Chapter 4: Dark Energy
Chapter 5: Explaining Problems With Gravity
Chapter 6: Pioneer Anomaly Explained
Chapter 7: Effect Of Gravity On Red Shifts
Chapter 8: Effect Of Gravity On Apparent Quasar Energy Output
Chapter 9: Quasar Transverse Velocity Above C
Chapter 10: Formation of the cosmic web – strings, walls, voids
Chapter 11: Einstein gravitational lenses and the Theory of Additional Gravity (TAG)
Chapter 12: Gravity Waves
Chapter 13: Hubble And The Red Shift
Chapter 14: Red Shift Components Involving Gravity
Chapter 15: Tired light, red shift, and gravity
Chapter 16: Consequences of misunderstood red shift
Chapter 17: Galaxies and Stars are not receding
Chapter 18: The Universe is not expanding
Chapter 19: Flat, Open, Or Closed Universe
Chapter 20: Supposed expansion of the universe
Chapter 21: Big bang not proven
Chapter 22: Age of universe not correct
Chapter 23: Gaps in narrow views of the red shifts
Chapter 24: Connected galaxies with different distances and red shifts
Chapter 25: Inflation is not needed
Chapter 26: Olbers’ paradox and the dark sky
Chapter 27: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Explained
Chapter 28: Black Holes and Information
Chapter 29: Space Time Concept
Chapter 30: Viral Theory in Astrophysics
Chapter 31: An early essay on the subject
Chapter 32: Another early essay on the subject
Chapter 33: Some tasks for the future
Chapter 34: Conclusions
Chapter 35: Summary
The Misunderstood Universe book is available here.
Copyright © 2002-2010 Sol Aisenberg. All Rights Reserved.